皮膚活檢是皮肤切皮還是肉?大多數皮膚活檢切割皮膚組織和皮下組織。如果懷疑皮下組織病變 ,活检还肉則在手術過程中它們會被更深地移除並且可能有一點肌肉組織。切皮因此,皮肤皮膚活檢還取決於特定皮膚試驗的活检还肉身體部位 ,以及疑似的切皮特定疾病。通常,皮肤隻要將其切入皮膚組織和真皮的活检还肉淺層 ,就不需要切得太深 。切皮
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活檢目的
(1)協助臨床對病變作出診斷或為疾病診斷提供線索。
(2)了解病變性質 、活检还肉發展趨勢,切皮判斷疾病的皮肤預後。
(3)驗證及觀察藥物療效 ,活检还肉為臨床用藥提供參考依據。切皮
(4)參與臨床科研,發現新的疾病或新的類型,為臨床科研提供病理組織學依據 。
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應用範圍
(1)手術摘除的器官、組織,如闌尾、甲狀腺 、膽囊、淋巴結等 。
(2)穿刺抽取組織 ,如肝、腎 、淋巴結的穿刺組織。
(3)自病變部位切取的小塊組織 ,包括用纖維胃鏡、纖維支氣管鏡等內鏡鉗取的病變組織 。
取材
(1)標本的解剖部位 、顏色 、體積、質地,有無腫塊 ,即腫塊是否有包膜;包膜是否完整;附帶組織如皮膚、淋巴結等的形態變化。
(2)標本能作切麵者應切開,觀察切麵的顏色 、質地、有無出血、壞死 、結節、囊腔,囊腔內有無內容物 ,內容物的性狀 。
(3)食管、闌尾等應測量其長度 ,觀察其漿膜、黏膜的顏色 ,有無粘連等。
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注意事項
(1)取材部位要準確,要避開壞死組織或明顯繼發感染區,在病變與正常組織的交界處取材 ,要求取到病變組織及周圍少許正常組織 ,其大小一般以1.5cm×1.5cm×0.2cm為宜 。
(2)取材應有一定的深度 ,要求與病灶深度平行的垂直切取,胃黏膜活檢應包括黏膜肌層。
(3)有腔標木應取管壁的各層;有被膜的標本取材時應盡量采取;淋巴結等附屬組織均應取材以備鏡下觀察。
(4)切取或鉗取組織時應避免擠壓,避免使用齒鑷,以免組織變形而影響診斷。
(5)活體組織直徑小於0.5cm者,必須用透明紙或紗布包好,以免遺失。
(6)含骨組織首先應進行脫鈣處理後取材。
(责任编辑:綜合)
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