由烏爾善執導的神話史詩電影《封神三部曲》曝光了黃渤 、費翔 、神部时期李雪健 、曲细青铜器及夏雨 、殷商陳坤 、服饰袁泉等明星飾演的特点人物造型 。從曝光的从封畫麵來看,人物造型精美、細節經得起推敲。神部时期以往,曲细青铜器及鮮有展現商周時期的影視作品,從《封神》美術設計中,可以展現出部分殷商時期青銅器紋飾及服飾特點 。
饕餮紋在商周時期的狂熱崇拜
《封神三部曲》預告片曝光場景
《封神三部曲》預告片曝光場景
商代出土文物多有饕餮紋飾
首先是場景,此次電影《封神三部曲》發布預告的主要場景是商王殷壽的龍德殿 。整個龍德殿木色古樸,服饰不僅立柱上的雕刻紋飾精美,就連踩在腳下的磚塊也都刻有複雜的饕餮紋 。饕餮紋是特点中國商周青銅器上最常見的紋飾,這一點不會有什麽爭議 。黃厚明說它“是从封商周時期青銅器紋樣中數量最多、延續時間最長 、神部时期地位最為突出的曲细青铜器及一種裝飾母題”(《圖像與思想的互動:饕餮紋內涵的轉衍和射日神話的產生》) 。容庚在《殷周青銅器通論》中將饕餮紋分為“有鼻有目,裂口巨眉” 、“有首無身,兩旁填以夔紋”等十二種類型 。以往,在博物館中見到的絕大多數商代青銅器上都以饕餮紋為主要紋飾,無論它是大是小、是鼎是爵 。這種饕餮紋的特征就是如同一張對稱的臉 、有角 、有大眼 。殷商時期的原始信仰氛圍濃厚,作為禮器的青銅器和玉器,它在形態、紋飾上的任何一處細節都絕非可有可無,在那種狂熱的崇拜氛圍下,每一個圖案 、每一個特殊設計都顯得意味深長 。
上衣下裳 商代服裝形製沿用三千年
《封神三部曲》人物造型VS婦好墓文物服飾
再來看服裝造型,《封神三部曲》當中人物造型的細節也經得起推敲 。例如,在龍德殿外,由袁泉所飾的薑王後在大典上所穿繡有繁複紋樣的交領 、長袖 、腰間束寬帶和蔽膝的禮服均符合曆史上記載的服飾樣態,禮服采用白金兩色,既符合“殷人尚白”的曆史事實,又突顯了貴為王後的尊貴氣質 。從1976年出土的婦好墓研究結果顯示,當時共出土了玉器 、寶石器 、象牙器不同質地的文物1928件,不少文物展示出了殷商時期的服飾特點:其一,服裝采用上衣下裳的形製 。商朝雖然各個階層著裝的服裝類型不同,但服飾大多采用上衣下裳,後世很多的教上下連屬,商朝的服飾就是這樣的特點,是一種比較古老的一種服飾形製。其二,商朝的最大特點就是凸顯出漢民族的特色,束發右衽,為後世世代流傳 。這兩種特點在影片曝光的人物造型中都有細節的展現。
商王朝距今已有三千多年,可供研究的文物 、建築遺跡與參考文獻少之又少。據悉,電影《封神三部曲》劇組曾走訪河南 、陝西 、山西等地博物館和遺址古跡,以元明道教水陸畫作為基礎,融合商周青銅器美學元素以及宋人山水,創作出《封神三部曲》獨有的美學體係,並將其應用於服裝造型 、場景搭建 、道具製作等各個方麵。
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